Installing MySQL on CentOS 7

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Intro

The steps below will configure a working MySQL 5.6, 5.7 or 8.0 server. The steps assume that you have a (fresh) CentOS 7 server running.

Make MySQL available for installation

!! This step will replace CentOS's default MariaDB

Installing MySQL

  • yum install mysql-server --> install the MySQL server
  • systemctl start mysqld --> start the MySQL server
  • systemctl status mysqld --> check if the MySQL server is running
  • systemctl enable mysqld --> make the MySQL server start at boot

Securing MySQL

  • grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log --> get the random password that is generated during the MySQL 5.7 or MySQL 8.0 installation
  • mysql_secure_installation --> default script with a few questions to harden the MySQL security
  • mysql -h localhost -u root -p --> connect with the new password from the previous step
  • create user '<user>'@'<ip/subnet>' identified by '<password>'; --> here you can use wildcards for the ip/subnet (for example: '192.168.0.%' or '%' for all hosts)
  • grant all privileges on *.* to '<user>'@'<ip/subnet>' with grant option; --> give the new user all rights
  • flush privileges; --> reload all privileges

allow (the older) more compatible password authentication on MySQL 8.0

  • add default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password to /etc/my.cnf

Firewall configuration

  • firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql --> add MySQL service to firewall
  • firewall-cmd --reload --> reload firewall with changed configuration

Move MySQL data (optional)

if you want to move the MySQL databases to another location (directory / filesystem) on your server follow the steps below.

  • systemctl stop mysqld --> stop the MySQL server
  • mkdir /<path>/<directory> --> create a directory of choice
  • cd /var/lib/mysql --> goto the default directory
  • mv * /<path>/<directory> --> move data to folder of choice
  • nano /etc/my.cnf
change datadir=/var/lib/mysql to match the new path
  • chown mysql.mysql /<path>/<folder> --> make MySQL owner of the new location
  • systemctl start mysqld --> start the MySQL server

SELINUX restore context

if you have selinux enabled you have to restore the security settings else mysqld won't start.

  • sudo yum install policycoreutils-python --> install utils
  • semanage fcontext -a -t mysqld_db_t "/<path>/<folder>(/.*)?" --> apply context
  • sudo restorecon -Rv /<path>/<folder> --> restore context

MySQL should start successfully again after doing this.